Examination malpractice has many effects on students, teachers, educational institutions and the educational system as a whole. For their teachers examination malpractice is an academic crime. Examination malpractice is a cankerworm that portends grave dangers for the nation. The negligence might be the result of errors in diagnosis, treatment, aftercare or health management. Examination malpractice examination has two main distinct concepts. Pdf the paper examines the meaning of examination malpractice so also it traces history of examination malpractice in nigeria. To be considered medical malpractice under the law, the claim must have the following. Examination malpractice is a cankerworm that is posing a serious problem in the nigerian educational system. A claim may also be filed in a federal court if the parties involved are from different states, or if there was an accused violation of a fundamental. Examination malpractice can be defined as an action taken before, during or after an examination that can render the result invalid.
This research study was carried out to investigate the cause of examination malpractice in nigeria schools. Education, examination malpractice, institutions, national development. Examination malpractice is a cankerworm tending to destroy the fabric of academic development in nigeria. When there was a leakage of the cambridge examination. Examination malpractice also known as cheating is the illegal action that students take during their examinations to try to make good grades by cutting corners. Plagiarism stealing or passing ideas or words of another as ones own. What is the origin of examination malpractice in nigeria. Primary school children ages 5 to 12 started class 1 at age 5 and finished class 7 at age 12. This could involve entering the exam hall with foreign materials, copying another candidate, impersonation, exchanging answer booklets, inappropriate conversations, examiner bribery, amongst others. Nov 26, 2008 medical malpractice is defined as any act or omission by a physician during treatment of a patient that deviates from accepted norms of practice in the medical community and causes an injury to the patient. The exam was used to determine who would enter secondary school and who would not. If this happens to you there are very good medical malpractice attorneys for you. This paper attempted to find out the preconceptions of students towards examination and examination ethics.
Assessing the impact of examination malpractices on the measurement of ability in nigeria 750 are products of examination malpractice have become a reserved army of the unemployable duze, 2011. Cheating became widespread in schools hence in 1967, the alexander commission was set up as a special commission of inquiry to investigate the incidences of malpractice in nigeria. Curbing examination malpractices in west african senior school certificate examinations in nigeria. Jan 05, 2015 examination malpractice is an illegal behaviour by a candidate before, during or after the examination so that heshe can attain success easily and cheaply. Assessing the impact of examination malpractice on the measurement of ability in nigeria. Genda 2008 identified under funding, lack of motivation for teachers, wrong values, family factors and personality issues as major factors contributing to examination malpractice in nigeria. The problem of examination malpractices in nigeria seems to be as old as the introduction of formal system of education. Other factors responsible for examination malpractice such as emphasis on paper qualification, parents desire for their children to pass at all cost or means possible. It was a sevenyear program at the end of which the pupil was to take an external examination called the common entrance, later renamed the selective entrance examination. In the united states, the patient alleging medical malpractice must generally prove four elements or legal requirements to make out a successful claim of medical malpractice. Supervisors and custodians of examination papers are reflection of the wider society.
Before now, to be caught cheating was a thing of shame, but. So, what is the definition of examination malpractice. To investigate the effect of examination malpractice to both the students and educational system in general. There are different forms of examination malpractice. May 30, 2019 the origin or history of examination malpractice in nigeria dates as far back as the early 70s. The origin or history of examination malpractice in nigeria dates as far back as the early 70s. The educational system has for long had serious hit from examination malpractice and this has brought into focus the need to tackle this issues in order of findings ways to eradicate such problems in the light of the above the study looked at examination. It is rampant in secondary schools, colleges, polytechnics, and universities. When however, irregularity or examination malpractice occurs, then the validity and resulting outcome is questionable. Education, examination malpractice, institutions, national. According to afibo 1997 and maduabum 2001, examination malpractice is any doing committed before, during or after an examination which tends to jeopardize the credibility of the certificates issued. The study focused on the menace of examination malpractice in nigerian educational institutions and its implications for national productivity and economy. Examination malpractice is not a new phenomenon in nigeria.
Students and staff perceptions on examination malpractice and. This paper focuses on examination malpractices in educational institutions with particular reference to two. Onwe 2011 traced the history of examination malpractices to the late 1970s and observed that since its upsurge and preponderance in the nations educational system resulting from a general decadence in moral, ethical, cultural and sociopolitical spheres of the national development. In those years it was referred to as expo 70, a name that is still common among students till today. Malpractice therefore introduces equities into the examination system. Majority of them end up stealing or even cheating at work. Scholarship and research it is amidst these contents that examination malpractice has been found to be a challenge to the. An introduction to medical malpractice in the united states. The project highlights the causes of examination malpractice among secondary school students, the effect of examination malpractice and solution to examination malpractice in secondary schools. Examination malpractice is any form of deliberate cheating on examinations which provides one or more candidates with an unfair advantage or disadvantage. Examination malpractice articles inquiries journal.
A brief history of the malawi national examinations board maneb 92. Abstract examination occupies a very strategic position in our lives both in education and in industries. By 12th century, there were well established medical legislations in italy, namely the edict of roger ii of sicily in 1140 and frederick ii in 1224, to prescribe organized medical teaching, set courses, examinations and qualifications. A perception of examination malpractice and pupils. Perceived causes and methods of examination malpractice in the.
Examination has been generally accepted as the best means of assessment. Remote causes and counseling implications of examination. A perception of examination malpractice and pupils academic. Further measures which have been taken in recent times to eradicate examination malpractice include that taken by the obasanjo administration which embedded in the national economic empowerment and development strategy needs policy document a target of 40% reduction in examination malpractice annually. D niger delta university, educational foundations department wilberforce island, bayelsa state abstract. Pdf forms and consequences of examination malpractices in. Examination malpractice has done a lot of harm to students since many of them have neglected their books with the hope of performing the magic they are used to performing in every examination. To find out the various means by which students use to cheat during examination. Examination malpractice is any form of cheating before, during or after examination. Malpractice is defined as any deliberate act of wrong doing, contrary to the rules of examinations designed to give a candidate an unfair advantage or able frequently, to place a candidate at a disadvantage. Trends in examination malpractice on nigerian educational system and its effects on the socioeconomic development of nigeria. The educational system has for long had serious hit from examination malpractice and this has brought into focus the need to tackle this issues in order of findings ways to eradicate such problems in the light of. Medical malpractice suits are usually filed in a state trial court, unless the case involves federal funding, a military medical facility, or or a veterans administration facility.
Medical malpractice occurs when a hospital, doctor or other health care professional, through a negligent act or omission, causes an injury to a patient. It is on recorded history that the first serious case of examination malpractice in independent nigeria was the leakage in 1977 of the west african examination council waec question paper for the west african school examination onyechere, 1996. Opa abstract this study focused on the impact of examination malpractices and its implication on national development. The paper not only defined the concept of examination malpractice but also identified the types or forms, the. Kleiner 1999 for instance, affirmed that the majority of the students did not believe cheating was always wrong. Curbing examination malpractices in west african senior. Check below for some helpful solutions to examination malpractices in nigeria. An overview of examination malpractices in nigeria. For example, students who engage in examination malpractice are more likely to be dishonest in other aspect of their life.
Examination malpractice is an illegal behaviour by a candidate before, during or after the examination so that heshe can attain success easily and cheaply. The impact of examination malpractice on national development ignatius o. Consequently, a judicial commission of enquiry headed by justice sogbetun was set up to look into the. In this research work, a sample of twenty 20 teachers and one hundred 100 students were collected by means of simple random sampling techniques from. It is illegal and can be perpetrated by a single individual or groups. Education can be defined as a process of teaching, training and learning especially in schools or colleges to improve knowledge and. Trends in examination malpractice in nigerian educational system.
Genda 2008 identified under funding, lack of motivation for teachers, wrong values, family factors and personality issues as major factors contributing to. The first major examination malpractice was in 1914, when the senior cambridge local examination leaked. The lack of medical board certifications and recertifications when required or the presence of certifications by nonamerican. Adesina 2000 traced the history of examination malpractice in nigeria to 1914.
Possible causes of examination malpractice examination malpractice can be attributed to several factors. Examination malpractice is any act of wring doing or neglect that contravenes the rules of. Examination malpractice can be defined as a deliberate act of wrong doing, contrary to official examination rules and is designed to place a candidate at an unfair advantage. This scenario took an unprecedented surge in 1963 when two public examinations of 1967, 1977, 1981 and 1987 leaked. The examinations malpractice act 2009 explains examination malpractice as nay act of omission or commission by a person who in anticipation of before during or after any examination fraudulently secure any unfair advantage for himself or any other person in such as manner that contravenes the rules and regulations to the extent of underlining. Examination malpractice act of 1999 should be amended to incorporate that section of decree 20 of 1984 which stipulated twentyone years imprisonment without option of a fine for a convicted culprit. Examination malpractice can simply be defined as academic dishonesty or academic fraud. Medical malpractice is a specific subset of tort law that deals with professional negligence. Causes of examination malpractice in nigeria schools 34 issn 20546351 print, issn 2054636x online omemu, felix ph. First, to achieve the purpose for which it is designed and second, to be a reliable consistent means of measurement wilayat 2009. It traced the emergence of this social vice to the late 1970s and observed that examination malpractice came on.
Three research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A similar situation is the case of takingout examination materials out the examination venue with the aim of taking undue advantage. Examination malpractice comes in diverse forms such as the leakage of examination papers prior to examinations and in such instances, contents of the examination could be disclosed by lecturers, examiners, printers, proof readers or college administrators. The aim of this study therefore is to assess the prevalence, causes, and consequences of examination malpractice on the measurement of. In fact, both of these notions can be used interchangeably.
Examination malpractice is defined as any deliberate act of wrong doing, contrary to the rules of examinations designed to give a candidate an undue advantage. Menace of examination malpractice in nigerian educational. Teachers and counsellors rely on them for a comprehensive evaluation of their students and clients. Examination malpractice in senior secondary schools includes abstract and chapter one, complete project material available examination malpractice in senior secondary schools a case study of selected senior secondary schools in ughelli north local government area of delta state abstract the purpose. It does not only refer to students, but to staff too. The samples were part three students drawn from the five different schools at the college of education, ikereekiti. Assessing the impact of examination malpractices on the. The phenomenon of examination malpractice semantic scholar. Students and staff perceptions on examination malpractice.
Examination malpractice causes, effects and solutions in. Examination malpractice is any illegal act committed by a student single handled or in collaboration with others like fellow students, parents, teachers, supervisors, invigilators, printers and anybody or group of people before, during or after examinations in order to obtain undeserved marks or grades. Doctors and medicine have been mentioned in some of the earliest written law codes known to historians, and have continued to be on the law books since then, especially in the 19th and 20th centuries. History and solutions to examination malpractice servantboy. This is any type of cheating during the examination process.
Examination malpractice in senior secondary schools includes abstract and chapter one, complete project material available examination malpractice in senior secondary schools a case study of selected senior secondary schools in ughelli north local government area of delta state abstract the purpose of this research work is to find out the causes and consequences of examination. Colluding with other students to get the right answer. A brief history of medical malpractice physicians news. This study considers the remote causes of examination malpractice in the nigerian education system with a view to suggest new ways of combating the problem.
To find out the causes of examination malpractice in the college. West african examination council waec, which was the only. Highest iq in the world top 10 intelligent countries he who fails to prepare, gets ready to fail one of the leading causes of the examination malpractice is failed preparation. It was during the west african examination council waec exams of that year that it became full blown. Forms and causes of examination malpractice among university. Asian journal of humanities and social sciences, 23 18 emaikwu, s. It was during the west african examination council waec exams of that year that it became full blown when exam body discovered leakage. Health insurance fraud is an everyday occurrence and it can be extremely difficult to protect yourself against it. And the act should be diligently enforced no matter whose ox is gored. Examination malpractice has graduated from mere stretching of the neck giraffing to see what another candidate is writing during exam or consulting unauthorized notes or books inside or outside the examination hall to such sophisticated methods a the use of microcomputer, mobile phones and guns to initiate those concerned with the administration of.
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